Flash burn, sometimes referred to as “welder’s flash” or “arc eye,” is a painful and potentially serious eye condition caused by exposure to intense ultraviolet (UV) light. It is most commonly associated with welding, tanning beds, and certain industrial Flash Burn, but can also occur in sunlight-reflective environments like snowfields or water bodies. Understanding flash burn, its causes, symptoms, and treatments is essential for prevention and eye health.
What is Flash Burn?
Flash burn is essentially a corneal burn, where the surface of the eye—the cornea—is damaged by UV radiation. Unlike chemical burns, flash burns result from light energy rather than physical or chemical contact. The condition can affect one or both eyes and is similar in effect to a sunburn but localized to the sensitive tissues of the eye.
Causes of Flash Burn
The most common causes include:
- Welding and Cutting Metals: Electric arc welding produces UV rays that can damage unprotected eyes.
- Tanning Beds: UV light exposure in tanning salons can occasionally cause flash burn.
- Snow or Water Reflection: Intense sunlight reflected off snow, ice, or water can cause “snow blindness.”
- Laser Exposure: High-powered lasers in industrial or scientific settings may also trigger flash burn.
Symptoms of Flash Burn
Symptoms usually appear a few hours after exposure and can include:
- Severe eye pain and a gritty or sandy feeling
- Redness and tearing
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Swollen eyelids
- Temporary blurred vision or watery eyes
- In severe cases, nausea or headache
Treatment for Flash Burn
Most flash burns are self-limiting and heal within 24 to 72 hours. Treatment focuses on relieving pain and protecting the cornea:
- Resting the eyes in a darkened environment
- Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops to reduce dryness
- Cold compresses to soothe irritation
- Topical antibiotics in some cases to prevent infection
- Pain relief medication, such as over-the-counter analgesics
It is important not to rub the eyes, as this can worsen corneal damage. In severe cases, an eye specialist may use medicated eye drops or prescribe a temporary eye patch to promote healing.
Prevention of Flash Burn
Prevention is far better than treatment. Some effective preventive measures include:
- Protective eyewear: Use welding helmets, goggles, or UV-blocking glasses whenever exposed to intense light.
- Limit exposure: Avoid unnecessary exposure to tanning beds or reflective surfaces.
- Sunglasses with UV protection: Especially useful in snow, desert, or water environments.
- Proper training and safety protocols: In industrial settings, following safety standards can prevent eye injuries.
When to See a Doctor
If symptoms persist beyond 48–72 hours, worsen, or are accompanied by vision loss, seeing an ophthalmologist is critical. Prompt medical attention can prevent long-term damage, including corneal scarring or permanent vision impairment.
Conclusion
Flash burn is a painful yet preventable condition. Awareness, proper protective measures, and early intervention are key to maintaining eye health. Whether you are a welder, outdoor enthusiast, or frequent tanning bed user, understanding the risks and symptoms of flash burn ensures your eyes stay safe from UV damage.